Studying Meritocracy in an Unequal Context
PDF

Keywords

meritocracy
social sciences
scholars
neoliberalism
Chile meritocracia
ciencias sociales
académicos
neoliberalismo
Chile

How to Cite

Atria, J., J. C. Castillo, L. Maldonado, and S. Ramírez. “Studying Meritocracy in an Unequal Context: Perspectives from Chilean Scholars”. Universum (Talca. En línea), vol. 34, no. 2, Jan. 2020, pp. 127-45, doi:10.4067/S0718-23762019000200127.

Abstract

Although the idea of meritocracy is widely present in social research, few studies analyze and discuss this concept. This research note shows the results from a first stage of a wider research project on meritocracy and distributive preferences in Chile, which is based on 9 interviews with social science scholars whose research is related to these issues. Findings show that researchers refer to merit and meritocracy not only departing from different definitions but also giving them contentious social relevance. Furthermore, effort takes precedence over talent, a more developed dimension in international research. The results are discussed taking the Chilean socio-cultural context into account, characterized by rapid neoliberal modernization as well as high economic inequality.

https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-23762019000200127
PDF

References

Alon, S., & Tienda, M. (2007). Diversity, Opportunity, and the Shifting Meritocracy in Higher Education. 72(4), 487-511. doi: 10.1177/000312240707200401

Araujo, K., & Martuccelli, D. (2014). Beyond institutional individualism: Agentic individualism and the individuation process in Chilean society. Current Sociology, 62(1), 24-40. doi:10.1177/0011392113512496

Arrow, K., Bowles, S., & Durlauf, S. (2000). Meritocracy and economic inequality. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Atria, J. (2018). El resurgimiento de los impuestos en la sociedad chilena. En F. González y A. Madariaga (Eds.), La constitución social, política y moral de la economía chilena (pp. 279-310). Santiago de Chile: RIL.

Barbosa, L. (2014). “Meritocracy and brazilian society. Revista de

Administraçao de Empresas, 54(1), 80-85. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020140108

Bell, D. (1974). The coming of post-Industrial society. London: Heinemann.

Bogner, A., & Menz, W. (2005). Expertenwissen und Forschungspraxis: die modernisierungstheoretische und die methodische Debatte um die

Experten. In A. Bogner, B. Littig, & W. Menz, Das Experteninterview

(pp. 7-29). Springer Fachrnedien Wiesbaden.

Bourdieu, P. (2004). Science of Science and Reflexivity. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. (2005). Una invitación a una sociología reflexiva.Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.

Bowles, S. (1998). Endogenous preferences: the cultural consequences of markets and other economic institutions. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(1), 75–111.

Breen, R., & Goldthorpe, J. H. (1999). Class inequality and meritocracy: a critique of Saunders and an alternative analysis. British Journal of Sociology, 50(1). doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.1999.00001.x

Cabalin, C. (2014). Online and mobilized students: The use of Facebook in the Chilean student protests. Comunicar 43, XXII, 25-33. doi: 10.3916/C43-2014-02

Daniels, N. (1978). Merit and meritocracy. Philosophy & Public Affairs, 7(3), 206-223.

Di Caudo, M. V. (2016). Transformaciones universitarias y cupos en Ecuador: entre equidad, meritocracia y desarrollo. Nómadas, 44, 167-183.

Duru-Bellat, M., & Tenret, E. (2012). Who’s for Meritocracy? Individual and Contextual Variations in the Faith. Comparative Education Review, 56(2), 223–247.

Flores, I., Sanhueza, C., Atria, J., & Mayer, R. (2019). Top incomes in Chile: A historical perspective on income inequality, 1964-2017. Review of Income and Wealth, doi: 10.1111/roiw.12441

Flores, R. (2009). Observando observadores: una introducción a las técnicas cualitativas de investigación social. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile.

Goldthorpe, J. H. (2003). The myth of education-based meritocracy. Progressive Review, 10(4), 234-239. doi:10.1046/j.1468-0041.2003.00324.x

Guzmán, V., Barozet, E., & Méndez, M. L. (2017). Legitimación y crítica a la desigualdad: una aproximación pragmática. Convergencia Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 73 , 87-112.

Iacoviello, M., & Strazza, L. (2011). De partidocracias rígidas a meritocracias flexibles en América Latina. Daapge, 16, 51-95.

Lamont, M., Beljean, S., & Clair, M. (2014). What is missing? Cultural processes and causal pathways to inequality. Socio-Economic Review,

(3), 573–608. doi:10.1093/ser/mwu011

Land, H. (2006). We sat down at the table of privilege and complained about the food. Political Quarterly, 77(1), 45-60. doi:10.1111/j.1467-923X.2006.00780.x

Likki, T., & Staerklé, C. (2015). Welfare support in europe: interplay of dependency culture beliefs and meritocratic contexts. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 27(1), 138–153. doi:10.1093/ijpor/edu014

Mau, S. (2003). The moral economy of welfare states: britain and Germany compared. Londres: Routledge.

Mauthner, N., & Doucet, A. (2003). Reflexive Accounts and Accounts of Reflexivity in Qualitative Data Analysis. Sociology, 37(3), 413-431.

doi: 10.1177/00380385030373002

Méndez, M. L., & Gayo, M. (2007). El perfil de un debate: movilidad y meritocracia. Contribución al estudio de las sociedades latinoamericanas. En R. Franco, A. León, & R. Atria (coords.), Estratificación y movilidad en América Latina. Transformaciones estructurales de un cuarto de siglo (págs. 121-157). Santiago: Lom.

Méndez, M. L., & Gayo, M. (2018). Upper middle class social reproduction: Wealth, schooling, and residential choice in Chile. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan.

Miller, D. (1999). Principles of social justice. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard

University Press.

Milner, R., & Howard, T. C. (2004). Black teachers, black students, black communities, and Brown: Perspectives and insights from experts. The Journal of Negro Education, 73(3), 285-297.

Otero, G. (2017). Formas de autoridad en la práctica científica chilena: el caso de la astronomía. Polis , 47 , 281-308.

Parrado, S., & Salvador, M. (2011). The institutionalization of meritocracy in Latin American regulatory agencies. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 77(4), 687-712. doi:10.1177/0020852311419386

Pérez Sáinz, J. P. (2014). Mercados y Bárbaros. La persistencia de las desigualdades de excedente en América Latina. San José: Flacso.

Reimers, F. (2000). ¿Pueden aprender los hijos de los pobres en las escuelas de América Latina? Revista Mexicana de Investigación Educativa, 5(9),11-69.

Reygadas, L. (2008). La apropiación. Destejiendo las redes de la desigualdad. Barcelona: Anthropos/UAM.

Rojas, X. (2008). Reflexiones sobre la construcción de la percepción de exclusión social en jóvenes de enseñanza media: precisiones conceptuales y metodológicas. Última Década, 29 , 71-99.

Rosanvallon, P. (2013). The society of equals. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

Sachweh, P. (2012). The moral economy of inequality: popular views on income differentiation, poverty and wealth. Socio-Economic Review,10, 419-445. doi:10.1093/ser/mwr023

Saunders, P. (1995). Might Britain be a meritocracy? Sociology, 29(1), 23–41. doi:10.1177/0038038595029001003

Somma, N. (2012). The Chilean student movement of 2011-2012: challenging the marketization of education. Interface: a journal for and about social movements 4(2): 296-309.

Son Hing, L. S., Bobocel, D. R., Zanna, M. P., Garcia, D. M., & Gee, S. S. (2011). The merit of meritocracy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(3), 433–450. doi:10.1037/a0024618

Telg, R. (1996). Skills and knowledge needed by television production specialists in distance education. Educational Technology Research and Development, 44(3), 73-81.

Thompson, E. (1971). The moral economy of the english crowd in the eighteenth century. Past & Present, 50, 76-136. doi: 10.1093/past/50.1.76

UNDP. (2017). Desiguales. Órigenes, cambios y desafíos de la brecha social en Chile. Santiago: Uqbar.

Young, M. (1958). The rise of meritocracy. Baltimore: Peguin Books.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2021 Universum (Talca. En línea)

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.